Cyber Threat Inelligence(CTI) Framework

Cyber Threat Inelligence(CTI) Framework
- CTI: Definition
  - Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) Framework A well-organized CTI Framework is essential for managing, analyzing, and acting on cyber threat intelligence in a systematic and effective manner. This framework provides a structured approach to CTI management, from collection and analysis to decision-making and incident response.
- Threat Intelligence Collection & Sources
  - The foundation of a CTI framework begins with intelligence gathering from multiple sources. This ensures that the information you work with is as comprehensive as possible.
  - Key Data Sources
    - • HUMINT (Human Intelligence): Information derived from interpersonal sources or surveillance.
      • SIGINT (Signals Intelligence): Data gathered from electronic signals and communications.
      • OSINT (Open Source Intelligence): Publicly available data from online resources, social media, and forums.
      • IMINT (Imagery Intelligence): Visual data from satellites or aerial reconnaissance.
      • MASINT (Measurement and Signature Intelligence): Data based on signatures or measurements of physical phenomena.
      • GEOINT (Geospatial Intelligence): Data derived from geographic or location-based information.
      • FININT (Financial Intelligence): Data gathered from financial records or transactions to track funding and activities of threat actors.
  - Threat Feeds and Databases
    - Integrate commercial threat feeds like AlienVault OTX, VirusTotal, and Abuse.ch for real-time intelligence.
      Use Dark Web & Deep Web monitoring to detect mentions of your organization or indicators of an impending attack.
      Social Media & Community Reports for real-time threat information from crowdsourced efforts.
- Threat Intelligence Frameworks & Methodologies
  - CTI frameworks provide structure to data collection, analysis, and dissemination processes, helping teams systematically understand and mitigate threats.
  - MITRE ATT&CK Framework
    - Tactics, Techniques, and Sub-techniques: Classify observed adversary behaviors and map them to corresponding techniques.
      Data Sources: Identify tools such as SIEM, EDR, and other network traffic analysis platforms that can help detect ATT&CK techniques.
      ATT&CK Groups & Software: Link adversary groups and their associated techniques to known tools and malware (e.g., APTs).
      ATT&CK Matrices: Utilize the ATT&CK matrices to visualize the tactics and techniques used in observed attacks.
      ATT&CK Detections & Mitigations: Identify how adversaries can be detected (through network traffic, endpoint data, etc.) and what defensive actions can be taken to mitigate their tactics.
  - Cyber Kill Chain
    - Phases of an attack lifecycle: Reconnaissance → Weaponization → Delivery → Exploitation → Installation → Command and Control → Actions on Objectives.
      Modern adversaries bypass traditional methods, making it necessary to use LM Cyber Kill Chain to adapt to new attack tactics.
  - Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis
    - Focus on the relationships between Adversary, Infrastructure, Capability, and Victim. This model helps identify key attack elements and their interrelationships
  - Pyramid of Pain
    - Focus on disrupting an adversary’s ability to operate by targeting higher-level intelligence like TTPs (Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures), which are harder to change than indicators like IOCs (Indicators of Compromise).
- Data Analysis & Threat Correlation
  - Once intelligence is collected, it must be analyzed and correlated to uncover meaningful insights. This stage involves identifying indicators of compromise, detecting anomalies, and understanding adversary tactics.
  - Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)
    - Types of IOCs: File hashes, IP addresses, domain names, URLs, etc.
      Indicator Lifecycle: IOCs go through a lifecycle—discovery, validation, use, and deprecation.
      Enrichment: Add context to IOCs to understand the threat actor's behavior and intent.
  - Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs)
    - Map adversary behaviors to MITRE ATT&CK TTPs. This helps identify patterns and predict future behaviors.
  - Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH)
    - Investigate multiple hypotheses, weighing evidence to refine conclusions and form a stronger intelligence picture.
  - Anomaly Detection
    - Leverage anomaly detection systems to uncover hidden threats. This could involve using SIEM tools, EDR systems, or behavioral analytics.
- Threat Intelligence Dissemination & Communication
  - Sharing and communicating actionable intelligence with key stakeholders is crucial for proactive defense.
  - Traffic Light Protocol (TLP)
    - Use TLP to classify and communicate intelligence securely and effectively. This helps ensure sensitive data is shared with the appropriate audience:
      TLP:RED – Restricted to specific internal teams.
      TLP:AMBER – Shared with trusted partners.
      TLP:GREEN – Limited external sharing.
      TLP:WHITE – Publicly releasable.
  - Reporting & Collaboration
    - CTI Reports: Craft actionable intelligence reports for various audiences (executives, analysts, external partners).
      Use standardized formats like STIX and TAXII to share threat intelligence securely and consistently.
- Threat Hunting & Incident Response
  - Effective threat hunting and incident response rely on a well-established CTI foundation.
  - Setting Up a Threat Hunting Environment
    - Tools & Platforms: Deploy TIPs, SIEM, and SOAR platforms to streamline threat hunting efforts.
      Hunting Methodology: Use hypotheses to guide hunting and pivot through data to uncover deeper threats.
  - Simulated Attack & Response Scenarios
    - Use red teaming and purple teaming exercises to test your defenses in real-world scenarios.
      Continuously refine incident response plans based on simulated attacks, ensuring teams are well-prepared to react.
  - Threat-Informed Defense Strategy
    - Continuously improve defenses based on threat intelligence. Update and enhance network security controls, patching procedures, and endpoint protections based on the intelligence gathered.
- Continuous Improvement & Feedback Loop
  - A critical part of the CTI framework is continuous improvement. As threats evolve, so must the intelligence capabilities.
  - Measuring Effectiveness
    - Regularly assess the effectiveness of threat intelligence practices. Use KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) to measure how quickly threats are detected, how effectively the organization responds, and the quality of intelligence collected.
  - Refining Processes
    - Incorporate feedback from incident response, threat hunting, and analysis to improve data collection, analysis, and dissemination processes.
  - Adapting to New Threats
    - As threat actors develop new techniques, continuously integrate new TTPs, IOCs, and indicators into your intelligence program.
- Integrating Threat Intelligence into Defensive Measures
  - CTI should directly influence and improve your cyber defense strategies.
  - Threat-Informed Defense
    - Leverage intelligence to create dynamic, adaptive defensive measures. This includes configuring SIEM systems, improving endpoint protection, and developing intrusion detection systems that can respond to new threats based on current intelligence.
  - Adversary Simulation & Red Teaming
    - Regularly simulate adversary behaviors using tools like Cobalt Strike and Atomic Red Team to ensure your defenses are always ready for real-world attacks.
- Summary & Application
  - By systematically collecting, analyzing, and acting on threat intelligence, this CTI framework provides organizations with the tools and strategies necessary to stay ahead of adversaries. The integration of MITRE ATT&CK, Diamond Model, and Cyber Kill Chain methodologies into a comprehensive intelligence program can significantly enhance your ability to detect, mitigate, and respond to cyber threats effectively.
    Incorporating continuous feedback and using the intelligence cycle to refine defensive measures ensures that your organization remains resilient to the evolving threat landscape. By establishing a threat-informed defense strategy, your organization will be better equipped to handle future cyber threats, strengthening overall cybersecurity posture.